Yup, those symptoms are very similar to mine.
For what it's worth, I continued to experience error 10 related issues on two different powered USB hubs, in addition to a PCI-E expansion card. Thankfully, I already had these things on hand in my bottomless parts bin....
So, my wholly unqualified, strictly anecdotal advice would be to shy away from pursuing another USB hub until you're fresh out of other options.
Is it possible that the adapter you tried may not meet some necessary technical/electrical requirement? I'm honestly not sure what the differences are, but I used this one (2 pack for $9) and it's always performed flawlessly directly in my USB-C port. Also, if you haven't already done so, you'll want to make sure that your USB related drivers (like Host Controllers) are correct and up to date.
If things with Ubi don't work out, you can also try using a little tool called USBDeview which just facilitates the easy uninstalling of previously connected USB devices. It didn't resolve my issues, but once you've used it to "forget" the RS cable, Windows will again treat the cable as a new device and force the driver installation/setup.